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Compare Paracel Islands (2003) - Botswana (2006)

Compare Paracel Islands (2003) z Botswana (2006)

 Paracel Islands (2003)Botswana (2006)
 Paracel IslandsBotswana
Administrative divisions - 9 districts and 5 town councils*; Central, Francistown*, Gaborone*, Ghanzi, Jwaneng*, Kgalagadi, Kgatleng, Kweneng, Lobatse*, Northeast, Northwest, Selebi-Pikwe*, Southeast, Southern
Age structure - 0-14 years: 38.3% (male 319,531/female 309,074)


15-64 years: 57.9% (male 460,692/female 488,577)


65 years and over: 3.8% (male 23,374/female 38,585) (2006 est.)
Agriculture - products - livestock, sorghum, maize, millet, beans, sunflowers, groundnuts
Airports 1 (2002) 85 (2006)
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)
total: 10


2,438 to 3,047 m: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 7


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2006)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total: 75


1,524 to 2,437 m: 3


914 to 1,523 m: 55


under 914 m: 17 (2006)
Area total: NA sq km


land: NA sq km


water: 0 sq km
total: 600,370 sq km


land: 585,370 sq km


water: 15,000 sq km
Area - comparative NA slightly smaller than Texas
Background The Paracel Islands are surrounded by productive fishing grounds and by potential oil and gas reserves. In 1932, French Indochina annexed the islands and set up a weather station on Pattle Island; maintenance was continued by its successor, Vietnam. China has occupied the Paracel Islands since 1974, when its troops seized a South Vietnamese garrison occupying the western islands. The islands are claimed by Taiwan and Vietnam. Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name upon independence in 1966. Four decades of uninterrupted civilian leadership, progressive social policies, and significant capital investment have created one of the most dynamic economies in Africa. Mineral extraction, principally diamond mining, dominates economic activity, though tourism is a growing sector due to the country's conservation practices and extensive nature preserves. Botswana has one of the world's highest known rates of HIV/AIDS infection, but also one of Africa's most progressive and comprehensive programs for dealing with the disease.
Birth rate - 23.08 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Budget - revenues: $3.766 billion


expenditures: $3.767 billion; including capital expenditures of $NA (2005 est.)
Capital - name: Gaborone


geographic coordinates: 24 45 S, 25 55 E


time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate tropical semiarid; warm winters and hot summers
Coastline 518 km 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution - March 1965, effective 30 September 1966
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Paracel Islands
conventional long form: Republic of Botswana


conventional short form: Botswana


local long form: Republic of Botswana


local short form: Botswana


former: Bechuanaland
Death rate - 29.5 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Debt - external - $519 million (2005 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US - chief of mission: Ambassador Katherine H. CANAVAN


embassy: address NA, Gaborone


mailing address: Embassy Enclave, P. O. Box 90, Gaborone


telephone: [267] 353982


FAX: [267] 312782
Diplomatic representation in the US - chief of mission: Ambassador Lapologang Caesar LEKOA


chancery: 1531-1533 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036


telephone: [1] (202) 244-4990


FAX: [1] (202) 244-4164
Disputes - international occupied by China, but claimed by Taiwan and Vietnam commission established with Namibia has yet to resolve small residual disputes along the Caprivi Strip, including the Situngu marshlands along the Linyanti River; downstream Botswana residents protest Namibia's planned construction of the Okavango hydroelectric dam at Popavalle (Popa Falls); Botswana has built electric fences to stem the thousands of Zimbabweans who flee to find work and escape political persecution; Namibia has long supported and in 2004 Zimbabwe dropped objections to plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing their short, but not clearly delimited Botswana-Zambia boundary
Economic aid - recipient - $73 million (1995)
Economy - overview China announced plans in 1997 to open the islands for tourism. Botswana has maintained one of the world's highest economic growth rates since independence in 1966. Through fiscal discipline and sound management, Botswana has transformed itself from one of the poorest countries in the world to a middle-income country with a per capita GDP of $10,000 in 2005. Two major investment services rank Botswana as the best credit risk in Africa. Diamond mining has fueled much of the expansion and currently accounts for more than one-third of GDP and for 70-80% of export earnings. Tourism, financial services, subsistence farming, and cattle raising are other key sectors. On the downside, the government must deal with high rates of unemployment and poverty. Unemployment officially is 23.8%, but unofficial estimates place it closer to 40%. HIV/AIDS infection rates are the second highest in the world and threaten Botswana's impressive economic gains. An expected leveling off in diamond mining production overshadows long-term prospects.
Electricity - consumption - 2.641 billion kWh (2004)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - imports - 1.39 billion kWh (2002)
Electricity - production - 891 million kWh (2004)
Elevation extremes lowest point: South China Sea 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Rocky Island 14 m
lowest point: junction of the Limpopo and Shashe Rivers 513 m


highest point: Tsodilo Hills 1,489 m
Environment - current issues NA overgrazing; desertification; limited fresh water resources
Environment - international agreements - party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups - Tswana (or Setswana) 79%, Kalanga 11%, Basarwa 3%, other, including Kgalagadi and white 7%
Exchange rates - pulas per US dollar - 5.1104 (2005), 4.6929 (2004), 4.9499 (2003), 6.3278 (2002), 5.8412 (2001)
Executive branch - chief of state: President Festus G. MOGAE (since 1 April 1998) and Vice President Seretse Ian KHAMA (since 13 July 1998); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Festus G. MOGAE (since 1 April 1998) and Vice President Seretse Ian KHAMA (since 13 July 1998); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president


elections: president indirectly elected for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 20 October 2004 (next to be held in 2009); vice president appointed by the president


election results: Festus G. MOGAE elected president; percent of National Assembly vote - 52%
Exports - NA bbl/day
Exports - commodities - diamonds, copper, nickel, soda ash, meat, textiles
Exports - partners - European Free Trade Association (EFTA) 87%, Southern African Customs Union (SACU) 7%, Zimbabwe 4% (2004)
Fiscal year - 1 April - 31 March
Flag description - light blue with a horizontal white-edged black stripe in the center
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture: 2.4%


industry: 46.9% (including 36% mining)


services: 50.7% (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - 5.5% (2005 est.)
Geographic coordinates 16 30 N, 112 00 E 22 00 S, 24 00 E
Geography - note composed of 130 small coral islands and reefs divided into the northeast Amphitrite Group and the western Crescent Group landlocked; population concentrated in eastern part of the country
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Imports - 16,000 bbl/day (2001)
Imports - commodities - foodstuffs, machinery, electrical goods, transport equipment, textiles, fuel and petroleum products, wood and paper products, metal and metal products
Imports - partners - Southern African Customs Union (SACU) 74%, EFTA 17%, Zimbabwe 4% (2004)
Independence - 30 September 1966 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate - 7.5% (2005 est.)
Industries - diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash; livestock processing; textiles
Infant mortality rate - total: 53.7 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 54.92 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 52.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 8.6% (2005 est.)
International organization participation - ACP, AfDB, AU, C, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIS, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Irrigated land 0 sq km (1998 est.) 10 sq km (2003)
Judicial branch - High Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrates' Courts (one in each district)
Labor force - 288,400 formal sector employees (2004)
Labor force - by occupation - agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
Land boundaries 0 km total: 4,013 km


border countries: Namibia 1,360 km, South Africa 1,840 km, Zimbabwe 813 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (1998 est.)
arable land: 0.65%


permanent crops: 0.01%


other: 99.34% (2005)
Languages - Setswana 78.2%, Kalanga 7.9%, Sekgalagadi 2.8%, English 2.1% (official), other 8.6%, unspecified 0.4% (2001 census)
Legal system - based on Roman-Dutch law and local customary law; judicial review limited to matters of interpretation; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Legislative branch - bicameral Parliament consists of the House of Chiefs (a largely advisory 15-member body with 8 permanent members consisting of the chiefs of the principal tribes, and 7 non-permanent members serving 5-year terms, consisting of 4 elected subchiefs and 3 members selected by the other 12 members) and the National Assembly (63 seats, 57 members are directly elected by popular vote, 4 are appointed by the majority party, and 2, the President and Attorney-General, serve as ex-officio members; members serve five-year terms)


elections: National Assembly elections last held 30 October 2004 (next to be held October 2009)


election results: percent of vote by party - BDP 51.7%, BNF 26.1%, BCP 16.6%, other 5%; seats by party - BDP 44, BNF 12, BCP 1
Life expectancy at birth - total population: 33.74 years


male: 33.9 years


female: 33.56 years (2006 est.)
Literacy - definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 79.8%


male: 76.9%


female: 82.4% (2003 est.)
Location Southeastern Asia, group of small islands and reefs in the South China Sea, about one-third of the way from central Vietnam to the northern Philippines Southern Africa, north of South Africa
Map references Southeast Asia Africa
Maritime claims NA none (landlocked)
Military - note occupied by China -
Military branches - Botswana Defense Force (includes an air wing) (2006)
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $325.5 million (2005 est.)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 3.4% (2005 est.)
National holiday - Independence Day (Botswana Day), 30 September (1966)
Nationality - noun: Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)


adjective: Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)
Natural hazards typhoons periodic droughts; seasonal August winds blow from the west, carrying sand and dust across the country, which can obscure visibility
Natural resources none diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash, coal, iron ore, silver
Net migration rate - 6.07 migrant(s)/1,000 population


note: there is an increasing flow of Zimbabweans into South Africa and Botswana in search of better economic opportunities (2006 est.)
Political parties and leaders - Botswana Alliance Movement or BAM [Ephraim Lepetu SETSHWAELO]; Botswana Congress Party or BCP [Otlaadisa KOOSALETSE]; Botswana Democratic Party or BDP [Festus G. MOGAE]; Botswana National Front or BNF [Otswoletse MOUPO]; Botswana Peoples Party or BPP; MELS Movement of Botswana or MELS; New Democratic Front or NDF


note: a number of minor parties joined forces in 1999 to form the BAM but did not capture any parliamentary seats - includes the United Action Party [Ephraim Lepetu SETSHWAELO]; the Independence Freedom Party or IFP [Motsamai MPHO]; the Botswana Progressive Union [D. K. KWELE]
Political pressure groups and leaders - NA
Population no indigenous inhabitants


note: there are scattered Chinese garrisons (July 2003 est.)
1,639,833


note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2006 est.)
Population below poverty line - 30.3% (2003)
Population growth rate - -0.04% (2006 est.)
Ports and harbors small Chinese port facilities on Woody Island and Duncan Island being expanded -
Radio broadcast stations - AM 8, FM 13, shortwave 4 (2001)
Railways - total: 888 km


narrow gauge: 888 km 1.067-m gauge (2005)
Religions - Christian 71.6%, Badimo 6%, other 1.4%, unspecified 0.4%, none 20.6% (2001 census)
Sex ratio - at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.61 male(s)/female


total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system - general assessment: the system is expanding with the growth of mobile cellular service and participation in regional development


domestic: small system of open-wire lines, microwave radio relay links, and a few radiotelephone communication stations; mobile cellular service is growing fast


international: country code - 267; two international exchanges; digital microwave radio relay links to Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use - 132,000 (2005)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 823,100 (2005)
Television broadcast stations - 1 (2001)
Terrain mostly low and flat predominantly flat to gently rolling tableland; Kalahari Desert in southwest
Total fertility rate - 2.79 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Unemployment rate - 23.8% (2004)
Waterways none -
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